Excerpts From
Three Thousand Years on the Frontier
By George E. Parris
© Copyright 1998 by George Parris, All Rights Reserved
(A work in progress)

George E. Parris has graciously given his permission for this treatise to appear on this web site. I've included this information because of the numerous occurrences of information relating to the Pearis/Parris/Paris family. George has done a wonderful job researching and writing this treatise and I hope you'll express your gratitude to him for the time and effort he has expended. You might also thank him for making this information available at no cost. The views or opinions expressed in this treatise are not necessarily the views or opinions of the webmaster or this web site.

Part 11: The New World

11.1 The Navigators: New World Discovered (1400-1492)

• Navigation

• Art as an Indicator of Human Perception of the World

• The Earth is a Sphere

11.2 The Spanish and the French (1492-1540)

• Spanish Conquest of the New World

• The French and Spanish Dispute North Florida (1524 - 1572)

11.3  Natives of Southeastern North America (1540-1544)

• The Mississippian Moundbuilders (800-1500 AD)

• The Choctaw and Chickasaw Tribes

• The Creek Confederacy (1450 - 1540)

• The Cherokee Before 1540

11.4  Hernando de Soto’s Trek (1540-1544)

• Uncertainty

• The Savannah

• The Lady of Cofitachiqui

• Across the Continental Divide

• Chief Chiaha

• Lord Coosa of the Cherokee

• Chief Tuscaloosa of the Creek Tribes

• The Winter of 1540-1541

• The Chia-ha-sah

• Spanish Explorers after de Soto

11.5  The English Challenge to Spanish Dominance (1540-1588) 

• Sir Francis Drake

• Conflict in the New World (1585-1588)

• The Attempted Conquest of England (The Spanish Armada, 1588)

11.6  Immigration from France to England and the New World

• The Huguenots (1555 - 1600)

• French Colonization in the North (1599-1754)

Part 12: Probing the New World (1492 - 1600)

12.1  Valuable Discoveries in the New World

• Tobacco in the New World (1492-1585)

• Sir Walter Raleigh in the Court of Queen Elizabeth

• Introduction of the Potato to Ireland (1586-1845)

12.2  Spain, France and other European Rivals of the English in the New World

• The Spanish in the Caribbean (1492-1524)

• Sir Richard Grenville (1542-1591)

12.3  The P-R-S family in England in 1200-1600

• Surnames

• Northumbria

• Early Immigration to the New World

Part 13: The Virginia Colony

13.1     Sir Walter Raleigh and the Lost Colony (1584-1588)

13.2    The London Company and the Colonization of Virginia (1606-1699)

• It Was a Business Deal

• The First London Company Colonization  (1606-1609)

• Captain John Smith (1607-1608)

• The Colonists of 1609

• The Arrival of John Rolfe and Lord De La Warr (8 June 1610)

• Tobacco in Europe (1585-1618)

• Orinoco Gold

• Rebecca in the Court of King James (1616)

• Jamestown on the Tobacco Coast (1619 - 1698)

Part 14: New England, the Puritans, the Quakers and the Slavers

14.1  The Puritan Movement in England

• Puritans and Anglicans

• Monarchy and Democracy

• Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)

• Puritan Migration

14.2  The Plymouth Company and Massachusetts

• The Mayflower Compact (1620)

• The Seafaring Pierce (Parris) Brothers/Cousins

• The Massachusetts Colony (1630)

• Providence (1636) and Rhode Island (1639)

14.3  The Triangle Trade

• Barbados (1627)

• Medford, MA and Newport, RI

• The Triangle Trade (1650-1800)

14.4  George Pearis (the interloper/slaver/pirate)

15.1  The First Civil War

• The Political Climate of the early 1600s

• Opening Battles (1642 -1643)

• Scottish Covenanters (1643 - 1644)

• The New Model Army  (1645 - 1646)

15.2  Unfinished Business

• The Second Civil War (1647 -1649)

• Democracy, Oligarchy, Dictatorship or Monarchy (1647 - 1648)

15.3  Meanwhile in Ireland and Scotland

• The Irish Rebellion (1641 - 1652)

• Cromwell and the Scots (1650 - 1651)

• Oliver Cromwell the Lord Protector (1653 - 1658)

Part 16: The Occupation of Ulster

16.1  Review of Irish Occupation since the Norman Conquest

• Beyond the Pale (1170- 1588)

• Plantations in Ireland (1556 -1607)

• The Plantations of Ulster Become a British Colony (1607 - 1641)

• How the Religious Animosity Began

16.2  Aftermath of the English Civil War in Ireland (1650-1660)

• To the Victors, Go the Spoils (1650s)

• The Pearis Family Comes to Ireland (1660s)

• The Quaker Connection (1670s)

• War-Torn Ireland (1680s)

16.3  The Restoration and its Impact on Ireland (1660-1685)

• Charles II (1660 - 1685)

• The Succession of James II

• James II and the Jacobites (1685 - 1688)

• William and Mary

16.4  The Nine Years War (1688-1697)

• The Sun King Louis XIV of France (Reigned 1643 - 1715)

• The French and Their Enemies (1685-1700)

• French Aggression in Ireland

• The Siege of Derry (1689)

• The March from Belfast to Dublin (June-July 1690)

• The Siege of Limerick (August 1690)

• The Shannon Campaign (December 1690-1691)

• The Battle of Aughrim (12 July 1689)

Part 17: The Carolina Colony (1660-1732)

17.1  King Charles II

17.2    Charles Town (1670-1763)

17.3  Pirates and Buccaneers of the Atlantic Coast (1715-1720)

• Black Bellamy (Active 1716-1717)

• Blackbeard (Active 1716- 1718)

• John “Calico Jack” Rackman, Anne Bonny and Mary Read (circa 1720)

• Stede Bonnet “The Gentleman Pirate” (circa 1718)

Part 18: The Mid-Atlantic Colonies

18.1  The Dutch and the Swedes

• New Amsterdam (1609-1664)

• New York and New Jersey (1674)

• New Sweden (1638-1674)

18.2 Maryland

18.3  Pennsylvania and Delaware (1682-1725)

• George Fox and the Quakers (1650-1690)

• William Penn (1644-1718)

• Delaware (1701)

• The German Palatines (1709)

• The State of the Poor Palatines

• The Parris Connection

• Benjamin Franklin

18.4  The Consolidation of New England (1686-1689)

Part 19: The Anglo-Irish and Highland Scot Migrations to America (1690-1750)

19.1  Prelude to Anglo-Irish Emigration (1675 - 1745)

• Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685)

• Queen Anne (1665-1714)

• Queen Anne’s War/ The War of Spanish Succession (1702- 1713)

19.2  The Immigrations of the Anglo-Irish from Ulster to America

• 1717 - 1718

• 1725 - 1729

• 1740 – 1741 and 1754 - 1755

• 1771 – 1775

19.3 The Hanoverians

• King George I (Reigned 1714 - 1727)

• King George II (Reigned 1727 - 1760)

• Lord Pitt (1708-1778)

• King George III (Reigned 1760  - 1820)

• Lord North (1713-1792)

19.4  The Highland Scots of the Upper Cape Fear River

• Scottish Politics in the 1700s

• The Later Jacobites (1688 - 1788)

• The Battle of Culloden Moor (16 April 1746)

• Highland Fighting Tactics

• Gillies MacBean

• Flora MacDonald (1722 - 1790)

• The Highland Clearance to the Cape Fear River

• Cumberland County, North Carolina

• 71^st Regiment - Fraser's Highlanders (1775-1783)

19.5  North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia (1732)

• From the Savannah to the Alatamaha (1732)

• Savannah

• The Battle of Bloody Marsh (1742)

• Parris Island, South Carolina (1698-1775)

Part 20: The Pearis Family of Frederick County, Virginia (1730-1780)

20.1 History of Northern and Western Virginia (1649 - 1755)

• The Northern Neck (1649 - 1719)

• The Blue Ridge Frontier

• Lord Fairfax (1736-1761)

• The Monocacy, Shenandoah, Opequon, and Back Valleys

• British Government in the Rural Counties of the Colonies

• Harpers Ferry

• Johannes Van Meter, Jost Hite, Richard Morgan, Andrew Ross and Other Early Settlers

• The Establishment of Frederick County (1738-1743)

• George and Sarah Pearis from Ireland

• Business Transactions involving George Pearis “The Elder”

• George Washington (1732- 1799)

20.2  The Cherokee Allies of the British and the British Colonies (1720 -1768)

• A Brief History of the Cherokee

• Some Cherokee Genealogy (1660-1800)

• The War between the Cherokee and the Creek (1750 - 1755)

• Strategy and Tactics of Native American Warfare

• Richard Pearis Indian Trader (1751 - 1755)

20.3  The French and Indian War

• The Start of The French and Indian War (1754)

• The Sandy Creek Expedition (February-March 1756) and Its Aftermath (1756)

• The British Regroup (1757)

• The Ohio Campaign of Fall 1758

• The Pennsylvania Militia (1759)

Part 21: The Americans

21.1 After the War in the South Was Won (1758- 1763)

• Richard (1725 - 1794) and Rhoda Pearis

• George Pearis, Jr. (1722 - 1797)

• Robert and Elizabeth Pearis

• Christian Pearis

• So What Happened to the Pearises of Old Frederick County, Virginia?

• The Proclamation of 1763

21.2  The Colonist Penetrate into West Virginia and Kentucky (1763 - 1776)

• Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

• South of the Ohio River

• Old Augusta Co., Virginia (1738 - 1776)

• Daniel Boone (1734 - 1820)

• Lord Dunmore’s War (August - October 1774)

21.3  The Pearis Families 1763 - 1775

• Tryon County, Carolina

Part 22:  The War of Independence

22.1  Independence versus Revolution

• Motives for Fighting

• The Tidewater versus the Frontier

• Thomas Jefferson (1743 - 1826)

• The Regulators (1768 - 1771)

22.2  Two Virginians that played a Role in South Carolina

• Thomas Sumter (1734 - 1832)

• Daniel Morgan (1735 - 1802)

• The Infantry Combat Arms and Tactics 1750-1800

22.3  The Western Carolinas (1763 - 1776)

• The Cherokee Nation 1763 - 1776

• Richard Pearis’ South Carolina Land Deal (1769 - 1774)

• The Arcadians (1713 -1780)

22.4 The Initial Phases of the American War of Independence in the South (1775-1780)

• The Shot Heard ’Round the World (19 April 1775)

• The Patriots of Tryon County (August 1775)

• Spreading Rebellion in the Upcountry (August 1775)

• John Thomas, Sr. (1720-1811) and John Thomas, Jr.

• Robert Cunningham (1741 - 1813)

• First Blood in the South (October-December 1775)

• Moses Kirkland (circa 1730-1787)

• The Highlanders Rise in North Carolina (January-February 1776)

• The First British Attack on South Carolina (1776)

• The Watauga Raids and The Response of the Virginians (July-October 1776)

• The Attack of the South Carolinians on the Cherokee (August-October 1776)

• Sequoya (George Gist, 1776 - 1843)

22.5 The War of Independence in South Carolina (1780-1781)

• Interlude (1776 - 1778)

• David Parris (b. circa 1778)

• West Florida (1778)

• Capt. Wm. McINTOSH’s Company

• Capt. Richd. PEARIS’ Company

• George Rogers Clark (1752 - 1818)

• David Fanning (1755 - 1825)

• The East Florida - Georgia Campaign (1778 - 1779)

• Patriots of Ninety-Six District (1779)

• Sir Henry Clinton’s Southern Strategy

• The Capture of Charles Town (February-May 1780)

• Loyalists Disarm the Patriots in the Upcountry (May 1780)

• The Waxhaws (29 May 1780)

• Inspector of Militia Created (22 May 1780) and Operational (20 July 1780)

• Camden, South Carolina (16 August 1780)

• Musgrove’s Mill (18 August 1780)

• Augusta, Georgia and George Walton

• Clarke’s First Siege of Augusta (Late-September 1780)

• Patrick Ferguson Penetrates into North Carolina (September 1780)

• Kings Mountain (7 October 1780)

• Robert A. Pearis/Paris (1750 - 1838)

• Captain George Pearis/Parris (1746-1810)

• The Battle of Shallow Ford (14 October 1780)

• Pearisburg in Giles County, Virginia

• Cornwallis Falls Ill (Autumn 1780)

• Blackstock's Farm (20 November 1780)

• Expedition against the Overhill Villages (December 1780)

• The Battle of Cowpens (17 January 1781)

• Cornwallis in North Carolina (February - March 1781)

• Hobkirk Hill-Camden (25 April 1781)

• Augusta and Ninety-Six (April - June 1781)

• Cornwallis Surrenders in Virginia (19 October 1781)

• British Evacuation of the South (1782-1784)

Part 23: The New United States

23.1 Establishing a New Nation

• The Articles of Confederation (1777-1786)

• The Treaty of Paris (3 September 1783)

• The Definitive Treaty of Peace 1783

• The Constitution of the United States of America (1786-1789)

• The Bill of Rights

• The Evolution of Democracy and Congressional Roles

23.2 The United States and the Cherokee

• The Treaty of Hopewell (28 November 1785)

• The Treaty of Holston (2 July 1791)

• Dragging Canoe (circa 1738-1792)

• The Americans, the British and the Spanish (1783-1794)

• The 1794 Treaty

• Thomas Jefferson’s Analysis of Native American Rights and Policy towards the Native Americans

23.4 The Southwestern Frontier 1783 - 1811

• Georgia

• Alexander McGillivray and the Creeks

• The Treaty of Augusta (1783)

• War Between the Creeks and the Georgians (1786 - 1787)

• The Transoconee Republic (1794)

• The End of Richard Pearis?

• The State of Muskogee (1802-1803)

• Land Speculation and Fraud in Georgia (1779 - 1796)

• The Chickasaws and the United States (1792)

• The State of Franklin (Western North Carolina, 1784-1788)

• John Sevier after the State of Franklin Collapsed

Part 24: An Interlude of Peace 1795-1812

24.1 Building A Cherokee Nation in North Georgia (1804-1820)

• The Agricultural Base

• Internal Political Realignment of the Cherokee

• James Vann (1768 - 1809)

• John Ross (1790 - 1866)

• Hunting Grounds to Cotton Plantations

24.2 Assimilation of the Cherokee in the Carolinas (1782-1820)

• Spartanburg County and Up-State South Carolina (1783-1850)

• Population of Spartanburg County (1790-1850)

• Henry Paris/Parris of Greenville County, SC

• Old Buncombe County, NC (1791)

• Felix Walker

• Robert Love and The Formation of Haywood County North Carolina

• The War between Georgia and North Carolina (1811)

• Little Will Thomas, The Early Years

Part 25: The Rise of Andrew Jackson (1800 - 1820)

25.1 Prelude to the War of 1812

• Andrew Jackson Arrives in Tennessee

• The Louisiana Purchase (1803) and Burr’s Conspiracy

• Prelude to The War of 1812

• Tecumseh (1768 - 1813)

• Tecumseh’s Prophesy

25.2 The War of 1812 on the Frontier

• Overview of the War of 1812

• Fort Mims, Alabama (30 August 1813)

• The First Expeditions Against the Creeks (October -December 1813)

• The Second Expedition against the Creeks and the Battle of Horseshoe Bend

• The Surrender of “Red Eagle”

• Jackson’s Intervention in West Florida (1814)

• New Orleans (8 January 1815)

25.3 General Jackson and the Cherokee Nation (1803 - 1824)

• Jackson and Hitler

• The Roots of Systematic Removal of the Cherokee (1813 - 1817)

• The Cherokee Removal Treaty of 1817

Part 26: The Parris Families from Ninety-Six District, South Carolina

26.1 George Parris (b. circa 1754 – d. after 1819)

26.2 The Legacy of George Parris in South Carolina

26.3 George Parris’s Family in Georgia

• Cherokee Removal Treaty of 1819

• Robert Parris (1794 - 1858)

26.4 Organization of North Georgia to 1838

• East of the Oconee River: Wilkes County (1777) and Frankin County (1784)

• Between the Oconee River and the Chattahoochee River: Habersham , Hall and Gwinnett Counties (1818)

• The 1820 and 1821 Land Lotteries

• Cherokee County (1830-1838)

• The 1832 Land Lottery

• Dahlonega, Lumpkin County, Georgia (1832)

• Northwest Georgia

Part 27: The Jackson Presidency (1829-1837)

27.1 Highlights of Jacksonian Politics

• The Presidential Election of 1824

• The Jackson Presidency (1829 - 1837)

27.2 Legal Status of the Cherokee

• Clans, Tribes, Nations and Sovereignty

• Samuel Austin Worcester (1798 - 1859)

• Native Americans and The U.S. Law

27.3 The Cherokee Removal (1838)

• The 1832 Georgia Land Lottery is Implemented

• The Removal of the Georgia and Tennessee Cherokee

• Little Will Thomas and the Cherokee in North Carolina

Part 28: The Parris Families of Western North Carolina

28.1 Western North Carolina (1820-1850)

• Parris Families in Old Haywood County, North Carolina

28.3 The Family of James Parris and Amy McIntire

Part 29: Texas and Mexico (1835-1850)

29.1 Texas and Mexico

• The American Colony in Mexico

• Samuel Houston, a.k.a. The Raven (1793-1863)

• George Gist, a.k.a. Sequoyah in the West

29.2 The United States and Mexico

• James K. Polk (1795-1849)

• Prelude to the Mexican War (1845-1846)

• Zachary Taylor (1784-1850)

• The Missing Parris Brothers

• The Mexican War Begins (1846)

• The (Tennessee) Volunteers

29.3 The Mexican War (1846-1848) and its Aftermath

• Monterrey (September 1846)

• California and New Mexico (Fall 1846)

• Buena Vista (February 1847)

• Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo and Puebla (Spring 1847)

• Mexico City (Summer 1847)

• The Morality of the War

• Unknown Soldiers

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (4 July 1848)

• Post-War Politics 1848-1850

29.4 Alfred Washington Parris and Laura Louisa Connor

Part 30: The War Between the States

30.1 Background to the Conflict

• The Unfinished Revolution

• Slavery and Fuel

• Federal versus State Power

30.2 Overview of the Combat

• The Grand Strategy

• The Western Cherokee in the War

30.3 The 25th Regiment of North Carolina

• Formation of Confederate Units from Western North Carolina

• Parris Men from Jackson County

• The Peninsula Campaign (March-June 1862)

• The Maryland Campaign (September- October 1862)

• Marye’s Heights-Fredericksburg (December 1862)

• Eastern North Carolina (1863)

• Petersburg and the Crater (1864-1865)

• The Last March (1865)

30.4 Thomas’s Legion (69th North Carolina)

Part 31: The Mountaineers (1870-1920)

31.1 After the War

• Southern Reconstruction (1865-1877)

• The End of Little Will Thomas

• The Tuckasegee River Valley

• Swain County and Bryson City, NC (1871)

• James Robert Parris (1860-1935)

• Logging Trends in the 1800s

• The Vanderbilt's Come to Asheville (1889)

• Southern Railroads (1850-1900)

• Mining in Macon County

31.2 Turn of the Century

• George Taylor Parris (1891-1967)

• Duck Town, Tennessee

• The TVA and Fontana Lake

31.3 Roy Clifton Parris (1916-1994)

• The Physical Man

• Ethics and Attitudes

• An Outline of His Early Life

• Polly Anna Johnson and Her Family